Our work is empirically contributory by providing a construct-valid measure of Theory X/Y managerial assumptions, an instrument that permits the conduct of substantive research. We see the present research as conceptually contributory in that we distinguish between practices consonant with Theory Y and managerial attitudes per se. ![]() ![]() 25, and -.01, respectively) provides evidence of convergent, substantive, and discriminant validity. The pattern of correlations between the focal measure and conceptually identical, closely related, distally related, and unrelated measures (rs =. This article describes the development and validation of such a measure. In our view, the paucity of substantive research is attributable to the absence of a published measure of Theory X/Y managerial assumptions with adequate construct validity. Although nearly 50 years have passed since McGregor's initial formulation of Theory X and Theory Y, the substantive validity of his theorizing on the effects of individual differences in managerial assumptions has remained virtually unexamined. ![]() ![]() Douglas McGregor's landmark book, The Human Side of Enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by questioning fundamental assumptions about human behavior in organizations.
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